Bleu de méthylène may be available in the countries listed below.
Bleu de méthylène (DCF) is also known as Methylthioninium Chloride (Rec.INN)
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Glossary
| DCF | Dénomination Commune Française |
| Rec.INN | Recommended International Nonproprietary Name (World Health Organization) |
Homatropina Fabra may be available in the countries listed below.
Homatropine Methylbromide is reported as an ingredient of Homatropina Fabra in the following countries:
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Tramadol Hydrochloride (BANM, JAN, USAN) is known as Tramadol in the US.
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| BANM | British Approved Name (Modified) |
| JAN | Japanese Accepted Name |
| USAN | United States Adopted Name |
Broxine may be available in the countries listed below.
Bromhexine hydrochloride (a derivative of Bromhexine) is reported as an ingredient of Broxine in the following countries:
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Nebilet may be available in the countries listed below.
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Nebivolol is reported as an ingredient of Nebilet in the following countries:
Nebivolol hydrochloride (a derivative of Nebivolol) is reported as an ingredient of Nebilet in the following countries:
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| SPC | Summary of Product Characteristics (UK) |
Apo-Cefadroxil may be available in the countries listed below.
Cefadroxil monohydrate (a derivative of Cefadroxil) is reported as an ingredient of Apo-Cefadroxil in the following countries:
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Alor may be available in the countries listed below.
Fluocinolone Acetonide is reported as an ingredient of Alor in the following countries:
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Oravig is indicated for the local treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in adults.
The recommended dosing schedule for Oravig is the application of one 50 mg buccal tablet to the upper gum region (canine fossa) once daily for 14 consecutive days.
Oravig should be applied in the morning, after brushing the teeth. The tablet should be applied with dry hands. The rounded side surface of the tablet should be placed against the upper gum just above the incisor tooth (canine fossa) and held in place with slight pressure over the upper lip for 30 seconds to ensure adhesion. The tablet is round on one side for comfort, but either side of the tablet can be applied to the gum.
Once applied, Oravig stays in position and gradually dissolves. [ See Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)] Subsequent applications of Oravig should be made to alternate sides of the mouth. Before applying the next tablet, the patient should clear away any remaining tablet material. In addition,
Oravig is a buccal tablet containing 50 mg of miconazole. Oravig tablets are round, off-white tablets, with a rounded side and a flat side. The tablets are marked with an “L” on the flat side.
Oravig is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity (e.g., anaphylaxis) to miconazole, milk protein concentrate, or any other component of the product.
Allergic reactions, including anaphylactic reactions and hypersensitivity, have been reported with the administration of miconazole products, including Oravig. Discontinue Oravig immediately at the first sign of hypersensitivity.
There is no information regarding cross-hypersensitivity between miconazole and other azole antifungal agents. Monitor patients with a history of hypersensitivity to azoles.
The following serious adverse drug reactions are discussed in detail in other sections of labeling:
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.
The overall safety of Oravig was assessed in 480 adult subjects: 315 HIV-infected subjects, 147 subjects with head and neck cancer, and 18 healthy subjects.
Two trials were conducted in immunocompromised HIV infected patients: one randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled design (N = 290 Oravig, 287 control) and one non-comparative trial (N = 25).
In the randomized, double blind trial (Study 1), 290 HIV infected subjects used Oravig once daily for 14 days, and 287 subjects used 10 mg clotrimazole troches five times daily for 14 days. Adverse reactions occurring in ≥ 2% of patients in either treatment are presented in Table 1.
| (MedDRA v 9.1 System Organ Class and Preferred Term)Adverse Reaction | N = 290 (%)Oravig | N = 287 (%)Clotrimazole troches |
| Patients with any adverse reaction during the study | 158 (54.5) | 146 (50.9) |
| Abdominal pain upperGastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea Nausea Vomiting Dry mouth | 1.725.9 9.06.63.82.8 | 2.823.7 8.07.73.11.7 |
| GastroenteritisInfections and infestations Upper respiratory infection | 1.415.9 2.1 | 2.817.1 2.4 |
| Ageusia Nervous system disorders Headache | 2.413.1 7.6 | 0.38.4 6.6 |
| NeutropeniaBlood and lymphatic disorders Anemia Lymphopenia | 0.76.9 2.81.7 | 2.18.4 1.72.1 |
| PainGeneral disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue | 1.06.6 2.8 | 2.88.0 2.1 |
| Pharyngeal painRespiratory/thoracic Cough | 0.75.2 2.8 | 2.47.7 1.7 |
| Increased GGTInvestigations | 1.05.5 | 2.86.3 |
Overall local adverse reactions, including oral discomfort, oral burning, oral pain, gingival pain, gingival swelling, gingival pruritis, tongue ulceration, mouth ulceration, glossodynia, dry mouth, application site pain or discomfort, toothache, loss of taste, and altered taste, were reported by 35 (12.1%) patients who received miconazole buccal tablet compared to 27 (9.4%) patients who received clotrimazole troches.
In the randomized, open-label comparative trial of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients with head and neck cancer who had received radiation therapy (Study 2), 147 patients used Oravig once daily for 14 days and 147 patients used 125 mg of miconazole oral gel four times daily for 14 days. Adverse reactions occurring in ≥2% of patients in either arm are listed in Table 2.
| (MedDRA v 9.1 System Organ Class and Preferred Term) Adverse Reaction | N = 147 (%)Oravig | N = 147 (%)Miconazole gel |
| Patients with at least one adverse reaction | 30 (20.4) | 32 (21.8) |
| GlossodyniaGastrointestinal disorders Abdominal pain, upper Oral discomfort Nausea Vomiting | 08.8 1.42.70.70.7 | 2.013.6 2.02.72.72.0 |
| DysgeusiaNervous system disorders | 4.15.4 | 01.4 |
| PruritusSkin and subcutaneous | 2.03.4 | 0.70.7 |
Overall local adverse reactions, including oral discomfort, oral pain, dry mouth, glossodynia, loss of taste, altered taste, tongue ulceration, mouth ulceration, tooth disorder, and application site discomfort or pain, were experienced by 14 (9.5%) patients who used Oravig compared to 16 (10.9%) patients who used miconazole gel.
Overall Oravig Safety Experience In Patients and Healthy Subjects
Adverse reactions reported in the overall safety database of 480 subjects who received miconazole buccal tablet is listed in Table 3.
| (MedDRA v 9.1 System Organ Class and Preferred Term) Adverse reaction | N = 480 (%)Oravig |
| Patients with at least one AE | 209 (43.5) |
| VomitingGastrointestinal disorders Diarrhea Nausea Abdominal pain upper | 2.520.6 6.04.62.5 |
| Infections and infestations | 11.9 |
| DysgeusiaNervous system disorders Headache | 2.910.6 5.0 |
Discontinuation of Oravig due to adverse drug reactions occurred in 0.6% overall.
Concomitant administration of miconazole and warfarin has resulted in enhancement of anticoagulant effect. Cases of bleeding and bruising following the concomitant use of warfarin and topical, intravaginal, or oral miconazole were reported. Closely monitor prothrombin time, International Normalized Ratio (INR), or other suitable anticoagulation tests if Oravig is administered concomitantly with warfarin. Also monitor for evidence of bleeding.
No formal drug interaction studies have been performed with Oravig. Miconazole is a known inhibitor of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Although the systemic absorption of miconazole following Oravig administration is minimal and plasma concentrations of miconazole are substantially lower than when given intravenously, the potential for interaction with drugs metabolized through CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 such as oral hypoglycemics, phenytoin, or ergot alkaloids cannot be ruled out.
There are no adequate and well-controlled clinical trials of Oravig in pregnant women. Oravig should not be used during pregnancy unless the potential benefit to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
Miconazole nitrate administered orally at doses of 80 mg/kg/day or higher to pregnant rats or rabbits crossed the placenta and resulted in embryo- and fetotoxicity, including increased fetal resorptions. These doses also resulted in prolonged gestation and dystocia in rats, but not in rabbits. Embryofetotoxicity was not observed in intravenous studies with miconazole at lower doses of 40 mg/kg/day in rats and 20 mg/kg/day in rabbits, which are approximately 8 times higher than the dose a patient would receive if she swallowed an Oravig buccal tablet, based on body surface area comparisons. Teratogenicity was not reported in any animal study with miconazole.
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Oravig is administered to a nursing woman.
Safety and effectiveness of Oravig in pediatric patients below the age of 16 years have not been established. The ability of pediatric patients to comply with the application instructions has not been evaluated. Use in younger children is not recommended due to potential risk of choking.
Clinical studies of Oravig did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects.
Miconazole is metabolized by the liver. While miconazole systemic exposure is minimal following the application of Oravig, Oravig should be administered with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.
Less than 1% of miconazole is excreted as unchanged drug in the urine; therefore, no adjustment to therapy is necessary in patients with renal impairment.
Overdose with miconazole in humans has not been reported in the literature.
Miconazole absorption and systemic exposure following application of Oravig are minimal [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Symptomatic and supportive care is the basis for management.
Oravig (miconazole) buccal tablets are applied topically to the gum once daily and release miconazole as the buccal tablet gradually dissolves [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].
Miconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent and is described chemically as 1-[(2RS)-2-[(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole with an empirical formula of C 18H14Cl4N2O and a molecular weight of 416.13. The structural formula is shown in Figure 1.
Miconazole drug substance is a white to almost white powder.
Oravig contains 50 mg of miconazole base, USP and the following inactive ingredients: hypromellose, USP; milk protein concentrate; corn starch, NF; lactose monohydrate, NF; sodium lauryl sulfate, NF; magnesium stearate, NF; and talc, USP.
Miconazole is an antifungal drug [ see Clinical Pharmacology (12.4)].
Single dose application of Oravig containing 50 mg of miconazole to the buccal mucosa of 18 healthy volunteers provided mean maximum salivary concentrations of 15 mcg/mL at 7 hours after application of the tablet. This provided an average saliva exposure to miconazole estimated from the AUC (0-24h) of 55.23 mcg⋅h/mL. The pharmacokinetic parameters of miconazole in the saliva of healthy volunteers are provided in Table 4.
| Salivary PK Parameters (N = 18) | Mean ± SD (Min - Max) |
| AUC0-24h (mcg⋅h/mL) | 55.2 ± 35.1 (0.5 – 128.3) |
| Cmax (mcg/mL) | 15.1 ± 16.2 (0.5 – 64.8) |
| Tmax (hour) | 7* (2.0 – 24.1) |
In healthy volunteers, the duration of buccal adhesion was on average 15 hours following a single dose application of Oravig 50 mg.
Plasma concentrations of miconazole were below the lower limit of quantification (0.4 mcg/mL) in 157/162 (97%) samples from healthy volunteers following single-dose application of Oravig 50 mg. Measurable plasma concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 0.83 mcg/mL.
Plasma concentrations of miconazole evaluated after 7 days of treatment in 40 HIV-positive patients were all below the limit of quantification (0.1 mcg/mL).
Most of the absorbed miconazole is metabolized by the liver with less than 1% of the administered dose found unchanged in urine. In healthy volunteers, the terminal half-life is 24 hours following systemic administration. There are no active metabolites of miconazole.
There was no formal food effect study conducted with Oravig; however, in clinical studies patients were allowed to eat and drink while taking Oravig.
Miconazole inhibits the enzyme cytochrome P450 14α-demethylase which leads to inhibition of ergosterol synthesis, an essential component of the fungal cell membrane. Miconazole also affects the synthesis of triglycerides and fatty acids and inhibits oxidative and peroxidative enzymes, increasing the amount of reactive oxygen species within the cell.
Miconazole is active against Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. Correlation between minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results in vitro and clinical outcome has yet to be established.
In vitro studies have shown that some Candida strains that demonstrate reduced susceptibility to one antifungal azole may also exhibit reduced susceptibility to other azoles suggesting cross-resistance.
Clinically relevant resistance to systemically utilized triazoles may occur in Candida species. Resistance may occur by multiple mechanisms such as changes in amino acids and/or in the regulation of the target enzyme and of a variety of efflux pump proteins. Multiple mechanisms may co-exist in the same isolate. Resistance breakpoints, correlating in vitro activity with clinical efficacy, have not been established for miconazole.
Carcinogenicity studies with miconazole have not been conducted.
Miconazole nitrate was not genotoxic when tested in vitro in a bacterial reverse mutation (Ames) assay or in an in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Intraperitoneal injections of miconazole to mice induced chromosomal aberrations in spermatocytes and bone marrow cells, and morphologic abnormalities in sperm at doses similar to or below clinical doses. However, no impairment of fertility was observed in intravenous studies with miconazole at 40 mg/kg/day in rats or 20 mg/kg/day in rabbits, which are approximately 8 times higher than the dose a patient would receive if she swallowed an Oravig buccal tablet, based on body surface area comparisons.
Local tolerance studies (LLNA sensitization test and tolerance study on the jugal mucosa of hamster) did not reveal any toxicity.
Study in HIV Infected Patients
The efficacy and safety of Oravig in the treatment of OPC was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, multicenter trial comparing Oravig 50 mg once daily for 14 consecutive days (n = 290) with clotrimazole troches 10 mg 5 times per day for 14 days (n = 287) in HIV-positive patients with OPC. Seventy-five percent of patients were not receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment, 5% had CD4+ cell count < 50 cells/mm 3, and 17% had a history of previous OPC. The mean viral load was 117,000 copies/mL. Patients were required to have symptoms and microbiological documentation of OPC for study entry. Most of the infections were caused by C. albicans (85%), followed by C. tropicalis (9%), and C. parapsilosis (3%). About 2% of the subjects were infected with more than one Candida species.
Clinical cure [defined as a complete resolution of both signs and symptoms of OPC at the test of cure (TOC) visit (days 17-22)], and clinical relapse by days 35-38 (21-24 days after end of therapy) are presented in Table 5. Mycological cure [defined as eradication (i.e., no yeast isolates) of Candida species] at the TOC visit (days 17-22) is also reported in the table.
Study in Head and Neck Cancer Patients
The efficacy and safety of Oravig 50 mg was evaluated in an open-label, randomized, multicenter trial comparing Oravig 50 mg once daily for 14 days to miconazole oral gel 125 mg four times daily for 14 days in head and neck cancer patients who had received radiation therapy. Most of the infections were caused by C. albicans (71%), and C. tropicalis (8%). About 7% of the subjects were infected with more than one Candida species. Success rates of treatment at day 14 [defined as a complete (complete disappearance of candidiasis lesions) or partial response (improvement by at least 2 points of the score for extent of oral lesion compared with the score at day 1) based on a blind assessment] are shown in Table 6. Also reported in Table 6 are relapse rate at day 30, and mycologic cure assessed at day 14.
Oravig 50 mg buccal tablets are supplied as off-white tablets containing 50 mg of miconazole. Oravig tablets have a rounded side and a flat side. Oravig tablets are packaged in bottles of 14 tablets (NDC 49884-082-26).
Oravig should be stored at 20 to 25°C (68 to 77 °F) [see USP controlled room temperature]; excursions between 15 and 30°C permitted at room temperature. Protect from moisture, and keep out of reach of children.
See FDA-approved patient labeling.
The tablet should be used immediately after removal from the bottle.
Patients should avoid situations that could interfere with the sticking of the tablet including:
Patients who develop hives, skin rash, or other symptoms of an allergic reaction, and patients who develop swelling or pain, at the tablet application site should stop Oravig and contact a healthcare provider. Patients may experience other adverse reactions including diarrhea, headache, nausea, and change in taste.
Oravig
miconazole buccal tablets
Store at 20° to 25°C
(68° to 77°F)
Do not chew, crush
or swallow tablets.
Dist. by: Strativa Pharmaceuticals
a division of Par Pharmaceutical, Inc., USA
Made in Germany
Oravig (OR-a-vig)
(miconazole)
Buccal Tablets
Read the Patient Information that comes with Oravig before you start taking it and each time you get a refill. There may be new information. This leaflet does not take the place of talking with your doctor or about your medical condition or your treatment.
Oravig is a prescription antifungal medicine used in adults to treat fungal (yeast) infections of the mouth and the throat.
It is not known if Oravig is safe and effective in children under the age of 16 years. It is not known if children can follow the instructions what to do with the buccal tablet. In younger children, there is a possible risk of choking.
What should I tell my doctor before using Oravig?
Before taking Oravig, tell your doctor if you:
Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take, including prescription and nonprescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Oravig may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how Oravig works.
Especially tell your doctor if you take:
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them to show your doctor and pharmacist when you get a new medicine.
1. Locate the area on the upper gum, just above either the left or the right incisor. The incisor tooth is the tooth just to the right or left of your two front teeth (See Figure A)
2. Take one Oravig tablet out of the bottle. Oravig is round on one side and flat on the other side (Figure B). The tablet is marked with an “L” on the flat side.
3. Place the flat side of the Oravig tablet on your dry fingertip. Gently push the rounded side of the tablet against your upper gum in the area shown in Figure C. Push the Oravig tablet up as high as it will go on your gum. The flat side will be facing the inside of your lip.
4. Hold the Oravig tablet in place by applying a slight pressure with your finger on the outside of your upper lip for 30 seconds. This will make the tablet stick to your gum (See Figure D).
5. Leave the tablet in place until it dissolves.
6. Before applying your next dose, be sure to clear away any remaining Oravig tablet material.
What should I avoid while using Oravig?
You should avoid activities that may prevent Oravig from sticking to your gum, including:
What are the possible side effects of Oravig?
Oravig may cause serious side effects including:
Allergic reactions.Tell your doctor or get emergency medical help right away if you have any of the symptoms below:
The most common side effects of Oravig include:
Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. These are not all the possible side effects of Oravig. For more information, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.
Keep Oravig and all medicine out of the reach of children.
General information about the safe and effective use of Oravig
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Patient Information Leaflet. Do not use Oravig for a condition for which it was not prescribed. Do not give Oravig to other people, even if they have the same symptoms that you have. It may harm them. This Patient Information Leaflet summarizes the most important information about Oravig. If you would like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your pharmacist or doctor for information about Oravig that is written for health professionals. You can also visit www.Oravig.com for more information.
What are the ingredients in Oravig?
Inactive ingredients: hypromellose, milk protein concentrate, corn starch, lactose monohydrate, sodium lauryl sulfate, magnesium stearate, and talc.
Manufactured By:
Catalent Germany Schorndorf GmbH
Steinbeisstraße 2
73614 Schorndorf
Germany
Distributed By:
Strativa Pharmaceuticals, a Division of Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.
Spring Valley, NJ 10977
©2011 Par Pharmaceutical, Inc.
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Neostelin may be available in the countries listed below.
Benzethonium Chloride is reported as an ingredient of Neostelin in the following countries:
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Definition of Gout: Gout is one of the most common forms of arthritis (joint inflammation). It appears as an acute attack. Within 12-24 hours of the attack, there is severe pain and swelling in the affected joint. Gout usually affects only one joint at a time - most often the feet and ankles. The joints in the big toe are common sites.
The following drugs and medications are in some way related to, or used in the treatment of Gout. This service should be used as a supplement to, and NOT a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners.
Micromedex Care Notes:
Medical Encyclopedia:
Harvard Health Guide:
Wodny Roztwor Fioletu Gencjanowego may be available in the countries listed below.
Methylrosanilinium Chloride is reported as an ingredient of Wodny Roztwor Fioletu Gencjanowego in the following countries:
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Donepezil Hydrochloride (BANM, USAN) is known as Donepezil in the US.
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Glossary
| BANM | British Approved Name (Modified) |
| USAN | United States Adopted Name |
Treating painful and irritating symptoms of the urinary tract due to urinary tract infections or diagnostic procedures.
Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate is a urinary antiseptic, analgesic, and anticholinergic combination. It works by helping to kill bacteria in the urine, decreasing pain and inflammation, and reducing muscle spasms in the urinary tract. These actions work together to help relieve discomfort while urinating.
Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.
Some medical conditions may interact with Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:
Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:
This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.
Use Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.
Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate.
All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:
Dry mouth; flushing; nausea; vomiting.
Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); blurred vision; difficulty urinating; dizziness; fast or irregular heartbeat.
This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.
Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.
Store Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate at room temperature, between 68 and 77 degrees F (20 and 25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate out of the reach of children and away from pets.
This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Belladonna Alkaloids/Methenamine/Methylene Blue/Phenyl Salicylate. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.
